A Physics Model The Simple Model The Simple Universe
Overview - Approach
Modelling the subatomic particles as particles
Modelling the subatomic particles as particles Approach
The Standard Model of particle physics and quantum field theory are modern physics theories that model the subatomic particles as quantum fields
But for a first principle approach
It might be more sensible to first experiment with modelling the subatomic particles as particles, before trying with fields
Note that, when a random process is used to solve a problem
The random process will tend to repeat the random discovery of the simple solutions more often
Than repeating the random discovery of the complex solutions
A single random three is easier to produce
Than a pair of random threes
Our universe Approach
If our universe was created by a random process, then the principle of a random process should apply to our universe
That is, out of all the randomly created universes that have life, the simplest one could perhaps be created more often than any of the other ones
The principle suggests that our universe could perhaps be one of the simple universes that has life
Applying the principle of a solution found by a random process to our universe
The atom, electric fields and gravity appear to be essential for life to form in our universe, but what about something like special relativity, perhaps life would still be able to form in our universe if relativity was not present
If so, this suggests that relativity could perhaps be present because it is a by-product of something else, a something else that is essential
And a similar question, what if light did not move at a constant speed?
This in itself does not seem to be essential for life to form
So this too could perhaps suggest that the reason for the constant speed of light, is a by-product of a something else, a something else that is essential
And what about quantum fields
Modern physics suggests that the atom consists of quantum fields
But perhaps it may also be possible for the atom to consist of particles
Return to top
A Physics Model The Simple Model The Simple Universe
Overview - Goal
The atom is an essential part of our universe
The first attempt to model the atom
The atom is an essential part of our universe Goal
The goal of this physics model
Is to model the atom
Using particles
If a universe with particles
Were to be easier to come into existence than a universe that has quantum fields
Then it could perhaps be, that our universe would be more likely to be a universe that has particles
And by the same logic
A simple universe that has one type of elementary particle, one type of force carrier particle, and one type of fundamental interaction
Could perhaps be easier to come into existence than a complex universe, that has seventeen types of elementary particles, thirteen types of force carrier particles, and four types of fundamental interaction
The first attempt to model the atom Goal
The first attempt to model the atom using particles
Failed, because at that time
The particle approach appeared to lead to an unstable atom
For reference, here is a YouTube video (2020) that discusses the Rutherford and Bohr early ideas of the atom YouTube channel Physics Explained
The early ideas were then enhanced by Louis de Broglie, leading to the modern day quantum mechanical interpretation of the atom
Discussion on the Bohr model of the atom
0 minutes : the Bohr model
1 minutes : Thomson's model
2 minutes : alpha particle scattering
3 minutes : Rutherford's nuclear model
4 minutes : problems with the nuclear model
6 minutes : Bohr's postulates
11 minutes : combining classical and quantum
14 minutes : electron shells
17 minutes : hydrogen emission spectrum
25 minutes : questions that led to quantum mechanics
Return to top
A Physics Model The Simple Model The Simple Universe
Overview - Method
Random processes find simple solutions
Random processes find simple solutions Method
This physics model is based on the principle of a solution found by a random process
That is, a random process will naturally discover simple solutions
More frequently than complex solutions
Where possible
The model replaces a complex concept
With a simpler version of that concept
static universal reference frame instead of special relativity
particles instead of quantum fields
absolute measurement instead of uncertainty principle
one elementary particle instead of many
one elementary interaction instead of many
gravity without general relativity
atomic nuclei without gluons
atoms without quantum fields
tunnelling without quantum fields
double-slit experiment without quantum fields
variation in the reflection of light without quantum fields
Stern-Gerlach experiment without quantum spin
What the model starts with Method
Building The Four Base Subatomic Particles
As a suggestion, the model has one type of elementary particle
A three dimensional strand shaped particle
That moves at a continuous constant speed through three dimensional space
As a suggestion
This physics model consists of three dimensional space
Whose outer edge expands as three dimensional space from a central point
Within the model's increasing volume of space
The yardsticks of speed, length and rate of time
Are constant yardsticks and absolute
As a suggestion
The model uses a static universal reference frame
For the motion of its strand shaped particle through the three dimensional space
As a suggestion
The head and tail of the strand shaped particle
Move continuously at constant speeds through the three dimensional space
As a suggestion
The constant speed of the head of the strand shaped particle
Is greater than the constant speed of its tail
This causes the strand shaped particle to continuously extend itself
With the head of the strand shaped particle eventually breaking free
Leaving the strand shaped particle with a new head, that as a suggestion, repeats the process
Each parent strand particle
Produces a continuous stream
Of child strand particles
The parent strand particle and the child strand particle
Have a shape, a size, and a surface
And at any one moment in time, a specific position in space, and the particles interact with one another when their surfaces touch
As opposed to
A wave-like nature, or a point-like size
Or at any one moment in time, an uncertain position in space, or interaction with quantum fields
What the model builds Method
At the initial starting point of this physics model
There are only the parent strand particles and the child strand particles
The parent strand particle moves continuously at a single constant speed, across a single constant yardstick of distance, creating a single constant rate of time
There is no concept
Of matter or antimatter
Or of positive or negative electric charge
Or of mass
There is no concept
Of electric fields
Or of magnetic fields
Or of gravitational fields
There is no concept
Of electrons or protons
Or of particles of light or neutrinos
Or of atoms
There is no concept
Of variation in rates of time
Or variation in yardsticks of distance
The aim is to manufacture those concepts using the strand particles
Allowing the why, the how, and the what is it
For those concepts, to be understood
That is, the aim is to use the parent strand particle
To construct the neutrino, particle of light, electron, positron, proton and neutron
And to use those particles to construct the atom
And the aim is to use the child strand particle
To produce the behaviour of fields
That is, electric fields, magnetic fields, gravitational fields
Return to top
A Physics Model The Simple Model The Simple Universe
Overview - A mechanical model
Explaining how something works
Physics and mathematics A mechanical model
In general
Physics theories have a mathematical form
Such as for example, gravity and the general theory of special relativity
In general
Physics theories are validated
By comparing what is calculated using the mathematics of the theory to what is observed
The mathematical form of this physics model is a physics engine
That processes the mechanical behaviour of a three dimensional strand shaped particle
That moves continuously at a single constant speed, against a static universal reference frame, in three dimensional space
Explaining how something works A mechanical model
In modelling a system
It could be, that modelling with an equation, the equation might include only what the system does, and not necessarily include how the system achieves its behaviour
And the code of a physics engine, whilst it might include how a system achieves its behaviour, the code within the physics engine might be difficult to follow
As an additional method, it could be that describing a system with words and pictures
That the words and pictures might be able to show what a system does
And also might be able to show how the system achieves its behaviour
As an example - to explain how a car's gearbox works
The above three methods
Could be used as follows
An equation could be used
To calculate the gearbox's conversion of the engine's input torque and rotational speed, to the gearbox's output torque and rotational speed
But in doing so, the equation might not necessarily include anything about what is inside the gearbox
Or a physics engine could be used to model the gearwheels in the gearbox, and in that way
Calculate the gearbox's conversion of the engine's input torque and rotational speed, to the gearbox's output torque and rotational speed
But the code of the physics engine might be difficult to follow, and in that way, hard to understand how the gearbox works
Or words and pictures could be used to describe how the gearbox works, for example
A car's gearbox is a mechanical device of gearwheels and engagement dogs, on shafts - where a set of gearwheels can be connected by moving one of the engagement dogs along its shaft, and that connection of gearwheels changes the gearbox's input shaft speed of rotation, direction of rotation, and torque, to different values on the gearbox's output shaft
The engagement dogs in the animation are coloured pink
Animation produced by Wikipedia user Jahobr - open in a new tab, a copy of the animation that has play controls, such as pause
Although the discussions of this physics model do not include equations, nor code from a physics engine
They do include words and pictures that describe, in a mechanical way, the model's subatomic particles
And hopefully, that is an adequate way to explain how this physics model of the subatomic particles works
Return to top
A Physics Model The Simple Model The Simple Universe
Overview - Proofs and disproofs
The approach taken by this model
Is that in general, all physics theories, including this physics model, have in some way or other
One or more assumptions to the theory
And therefore perhaps
All physics theories
Should be considered as suggested theories
And if assumptions are always present in a physics theory
It could perhaps be
That those assumptions may well follow through to any disproof of an alternative theory, as well
Perhaps all physics proofs and all physics disproofs
Should be considered
As suggested proofs and suggested disproofs
For example, physicist Richard Feynman suggested that a theory should be considered as being proven wrong, if the theory was found to disagree with the results of an experiment
For example, this model predicts that an electric field can bend the path of light, and yet experiment shows that an electric field does not bend the path of light
But in that disproof, amongst other assumptions, is the assumption that the electric field from a proton, apart from having an opposite effect to that of an electron, is the same as the electric field from an electron, and consequently, say for example, diffraction is then ignored as evidence for the correctness of the model
Perhaps the most important thing for scientific method
Is to have
Freedom of thought
For reference, here is a YouTube video (1964) of physicist Richard Feynman discussing scientific method YouTube channel seabala
Lecture on scientific method
0 minutes : make a guess, compute, and then compare to experiment
30 seconds : if it disagrees with experiment, then it is wrong (but note the discussion about assumptions in proofs and disproofs above)
1 minutes : can something be proved to be true
2 minutes : can only state if something is more likely or less likely to be true or false
4 minutes : a definite theory can be disproved but not proved (but note the discussion about assumptions in proofs and disproofs above)
5 minutes : a vague theory cannot be disproved (but note the discussion about assumptions in proofs and disproofs above)
7 minutes : how is a guess made
8 minutes : a guess needs to be precise (however, perhaps sometimes, a broad guess is also useful)
For reference, here is a YouTube video (1964) of Richard Feynman discussing how a new idea in physics may have a different philosophy to current physics YouTube channel TehPhysicalist
Lecture: Seeking New Laws (extract 42:56 to 48:23)
0 minutes : two competing theories use different calculations but produce the same consequences
1 minutes : however, from a philosophical point of view, the two competing theories are not equivalent
2 minutes : good theoretical physcists know multiple theoretical representations for the same physics
3 minutes : philosophical ideas between competing theories can have differences
4 minutes : for example, Mayan astronomy had calculations for the motion of the planets in the sky, when a new idea suggested that the motions of the planets could be calculated in a different way
5 minutes : when a new idea cannot yet calculate answers, established theory may discourage the new idea from being discussed
The clip is taken from the "Seeking New Laws" lecture, part of a group of lectures titled "The Character of Physical Law", given by Richard Feynman at Cornell University in 1964
Return to top
