Overview Of A Physics Model That Is Based On A Mechanism For Gravity

A simple approach

A  Physics  Model  The  Simple  Model  The  Simple  Universe 

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A  Physics  Model  The  Simple  Model  The  Simple  Universe 

Overview - Approach

Modelling the subatomic particles as particles

Our universe

Modelling the subatomic particles as particles Approach

The Standard Model of particle physics and quantum field theory are modern physics theories that model the subatomic particles as quantum fields

But for a first principle approach

It might be more sensible to first experiment with modelling the subatomic particles as particles, before trying with fields


Note that, when a random process is used to solve a problem

The random process will tend to repeat the random discovery of the simple solutions more often

Than repeating the random discovery of the complex solutions


image of a random variable - a dice A single random three is easier to produce


image of a random variable - a dice image of a random variable - a dice Than a pair of random threes


If our universe was created by a random process, then the principle of a random process should apply to our universe

That is, out of all the randomly created universes that have life, the simplest one could perhaps be created more often than any of the other ones

The principle suggests that our universe could perhaps be one of the simple universes that has life


Applying the principle of a solution found by a random process to our universe

The atom, electric fields and gravity appear to be essential for life to form in our universe, but what about something like special relativity, perhaps life would still be able to form in our universe if relativity was not present

If so, this suggests that relativity could perhaps be present because it is a by-product of something else, a something else that is essential


And a similar question, what if light did not move at a constant speed?

This in itself does not seem to be essential for life to form

So this too could perhaps suggest that the reason for the constant speed of light, is a by-product of a something else, a something else that is essential


And what about quantum fields

Modern physics suggests that the atom consists of quantum fields

But perhaps it may also be possible for the atom to consist of particles

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Overview - Goal

The atom is an essential part of our universe

The first attempt to model the atom

The atom is an essential part of our universe Goal

The goal of this physics model

Is to model the atom

Using particles


If a universe with particles

Were to be easier to come into existence than a universe that has quantum fields

Then it could perhaps be, that our universe would be more likely to be a universe that has particles


And by the same logic

A simple universe that has one type of elementary particle, one type of force carrier particle, and one type of fundamental interaction

Could perhaps be easier to come into existence than a complex universe, that has seventeen types of elementary particles, thirteen types of force carrier particles, and four types of fundamental interaction

The first attempt to model the atom using particles

Failed, because at that time

The particle approach appeared to lead to an unstable atom

For reference, here is a YouTube video (2020) that discusses the Rutherford and Bohr early ideas of the atom YouTube channel Physics Explained

The early ideas were then enhanced by Louis de Broglie, leading to the modern day quantum mechanical interpretation of the atom

Discussion on the Bohr model of the atom

0 minutes   : the Bohr model

1 minutes   : Thomson's model

2 minutes   : alpha particle scattering

3 minutes   : Rutherford's nuclear model

4 minutes   : problems with the nuclear model

6 minutes   : Bohr's postulates

11 minutes : combining classical and quantum

14 minutes : electron shells

17 minutes : hydrogen emission spectrum

25 minutes : questions that led to quantum mechanics

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A  Physics  Model  The  Simple  Model  The  Simple  Universe 

Overview - Method

Random processes find simple solutions

What the model starts with

What the model builds

This physics model is based on the principle of a solution found by a random process

That is, a random process will naturally discover simple solutions

More frequently than complex solutions


Where possible

The model replaces a complex concept

With a simpler version of that concept


Building The Four Base Subatomic Particles

As a suggestion, the model has one type of elementary particle

A three dimensional strand shaped particle

That moves at a continuous constant speed through three dimensional space


As a suggestion

This physics model consists of three dimensional space

Whose outer edge expands as three dimensional space from a central point


Within the model's increasing volume of space

The yardsticks of speed, length and rate of time

Are constant yardsticks and absolute


As a suggestion

The model uses a static universal reference frame

For the motion of its strand shaped particle through the three dimensional space


As a suggestion

The head and tail of the strand shaped particle

Move continuously at constant speeds through the three dimensional space


As a suggestion

The constant speed of the head of the strand shaped particle

Is greater than the constant speed of its tail


This causes the strand shaped particle to continuously extend itself

With the head of the strand shaped particle eventually breaking free

Leaving the strand shaped particle with a new head, that as a suggestion, repeats the process


Each parent strand particle

Produces a continuous stream

Of child strand particles


The parent strand particle and the child strand particle

Have a shape, a size, and a surface

And at any one moment in time, a specific position in space, and the particles interact with one another when their surfaces touch


As opposed to

A wave-like nature, or a point-like size

Or at any one moment in time, an uncertain position in space, or interaction with quantum fields

At the initial starting point of this physics model

There are only the parent strand particles and the child strand particles

The parent strand particle moves continuously at a single constant speed, across a single constant yardstick of distance, creating a single constant rate of time


There is no concept

Of matter or antimatter

Or of positive or negative electric charge

Or of mass


There is no concept

Of electric fields

Or of magnetic fields

Or of gravitational fields


There is no concept

Of electrons or protons

Or of particles of light or neutrinos

Or of atoms


There is no concept

Of variation in rates of time

Or variation in yardsticks of distance


The aim is to manufacture those concepts using the strand particles

Allowing the why, the how, and the what is it

For those concepts, to be understood


That is, the aim is to use the parent strand particle

To construct the neutrino, particle of light, electron, positron, proton and neutron

And to use those particles to construct the atom


And the aim is to use the child strand particle

To produce the behaviour of fields

That is, electric fields, magnetic fields, gravitational fields

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Overview - A mechanical model

Physics and mathematics

Explaining how something works

Physics and mathematics A mechanical model

In general

Physics theories have a mathematical form

Such as for example, gravity and the general theory of special relativity


In general

Physics theories are validated

By comparing what is calculated using the mathematics of the theory to what is observed


The mathematical form of this physics model is a physics engine

That processes the mechanical behaviour of a three dimensional strand shaped particle

That moves continuously at a single constant speed, against a static universal reference frame, in three dimensional space

Explaining how something works A mechanical model

In modelling a system

It could be, that modelling with an equation, the equation might include only what the system does, and not necessarily include how the system achieves its behaviour

And the code of a physics engine, whilst it might include how a system achieves its behaviour, the code within the physics engine might be difficult to follow


As an additional method, it could be that describing a system with words and pictures

That the words and pictures might be able to show what a system does

And also might be able to show how the system achieves its behaviour


As an example - to explain how a car's gearbox works

The above three methods

Could be used as follows


An equation could be used

To calculate the gearbox's conversion of the engine's input torque and rotational speed, to the gearbox's output torque and rotational speed

But in doing so, the equation might not necessarily include anything about what is inside the gearbox


Or a physics engine could be used to model the gearwheels in the gearbox, and in that way

Calculate the gearbox's conversion of the engine's input torque and rotational speed, to the gearbox's output torque and rotational speed

But the code of the physics engine might be difficult to follow, and in that way, hard to understand how the gearbox works


Or words and pictures could be used to describe how the gearbox works, for example

A car's gearbox is a mechanical device of gearwheels and engagement dogs, on shafts - where a set of gearwheels can be connected by moving one of the engagement dogs along its shaft, and that connection of gearwheels changes the gearbox's input shaft speed of rotation, direction of rotation, and torque, to different values on the gearbox's output shaft

The engagement dogs in the animation are coloured pink

animated gif of how gears are selected in a car's gearbox

Animation produced by Wikipedia user Jahobr - open in a new tab, a copy of the animation that has play controls, such as pause


Although the discussions of this physics model do not include equations, nor code from a physics engine

They do include words and pictures that describe, in a mechanical way, the model's subatomic particles

And hopefully, that is an adequate way to explain how this physics model of the subatomic particles works

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Overview - Proofs and disproofs


The approach taken by this model

Is that in general, all physics theories, including this physics model, have in some way or other

One or more assumptions to the theory


And therefore perhaps

All physics theories

Should be considered as suggested theories


And if assumptions are always present in a physics theory

It could perhaps be

That those assumptions may well follow through to any disproof of an alternative theory, as well


Perhaps all physics proofs and all physics disproofs

Should be considered

As suggested proofs and suggested disproofs


For example, physicist Richard Feynman suggested that a theory should be considered as being proven wrong, if the theory was found to disagree with the results of an experiment

For example, this model predicts that an electric field can bend the path of light, and yet experiment shows that an electric field does not bend the path of light

But in that disproof, amongst other assumptions, is the assumption that the electric field from a proton, apart from having an opposite effect to that of an electron, is the same as the electric field from an electron, and consequently, say for example, diffraction is then ignored as evidence for the correctness of the model


Perhaps the most important thing for scientific method

Is to have

Freedom of thought

For reference, here is a YouTube video (1964) of physicist Richard Feynman discussing scientific method YouTube channel seabala

Lecture on scientific method

0 minutes : make a guess, compute, and then compare to experiment

30 seconds : if it disagrees with experiment, then it is wrong (but note the discussion about assumptions in proofs and disproofs above)

1 minutes : can something be proved to be true

2 minutes : can only state if something is more likely or less likely to be true or false

4 minutes : a definite theory can be disproved but not proved (but note the discussion about assumptions in proofs and disproofs above)

5 minutes : a vague theory cannot be disproved (but note the discussion about assumptions in proofs and disproofs above)

7 minutes : how is a guess made

8 minutes : a guess needs to be precise (however, perhaps sometimes, a broad guess is also useful)

For reference, here is a YouTube video (1964) of Richard Feynman discussing how a new idea in physics may have a different philosophy to current physics YouTube channel TehPhysicalist

Lecture: Seeking New Laws (extract 42:56 to 48:23)

0 minutes : two competing theories use different calculations but produce the same consequences

1 minutes : however, from a philosophical point of view, the two competing theories are not equivalent

2 minutes : good theoretical physcists know multiple theoretical representations for the same physics

3 minutes : philosophical ideas between competing theories can have differences

4 minutes : for example, Mayan astronomy had calculations for the motion of the planets in the sky, when a new idea suggested that the motions of the planets could be calculated in a different way

5 minutes : when a new idea cannot yet calculate answers, established theory may discourage the new idea from being discussed

The clip is taken from the "Seeking New Laws" lecture, part of a group of lectures titled "The Character of Physical Law", given by Richard Feynman at Cornell University in 1964

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Overview Of A Physics Model That Is Based On A Mechanism For Gravity

A  Physics  Model  The  Simple  Model  The  Simple  Universe