Random processes Rationale
When a random process is used to randomly build a solution to a problem
The random process will naturally discover simple solutions
More often than complex solutions
This is the principle of a solution found by a random process
And for example, it is why Occam's razor can be used
When trying to understand a natural process
And perhaps
Why the phrase "as simple as possible - but not any simpler"
Might perhaps, apply to physics
If universes were to be created by a random process
Then the suggestion is, that simple universes
Will be created more often than complex universes
If our universe was created by a random process, then out of the simple universes and the complex universes that lead to life, and without any further inferences
The odds might be in favour of us being in one of those simple universes that has life
From the universe's elementary particles and basic building blocks, through to our planet's building blocks of life
Between universes that have particles and those that have quantum fields
At a guess, a universe that has particles might be easier to create
Than a universe that has quantum fields
So, as a question, is there any possibility at all that our universe could be a universe of particles?
Is there a possibility that the atom in our universe
Is a system of particles?
Modelling the atom Rationale
The goal of this simple physics model
Is to model the atom
Using particles
In this simple physics model, the subatomic particles have a shape, and a size, and a structure
And at any one moment in time, a specific position in three dimensional space
And they interact with other subatomic particles, or interact with electric field particles, when the surfaces of the particles, touch
The following animation shows the shapes and structures of the model's subatomic particles, the button steps through the particles, the button start / stops the animation (any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
The Subatomic Particles
The mathematics of quantum field theory models the atom
But once past the single electron hydrogen atom
The calculations become remarkably complex
And yet by comparison, if atoms were to be modelled using particles
Then the calculations might be able to be completed fully
Regardless as to the atom being modelled
And by watching a computer simulation of the atom
We might be able to understand everything
From the atom through to any molecule or substance, and on to viruses, bacteria, medicines and biological processes
If the hydrogen atom were to be modelled using particles
Then in a sense
It may be possible to understand everything
Modern physics model Rationale
The quantum field theory understanding of the hydrogen atom
Is obtained by calculating the quantum mechanical probability of where the electron may be found
When a measurement is taken to determine the electron's position
When the electron is near a proton
Image produced by Wikipedia user PoorLeno
For reference, here is a YouTube video (2020) animation of the 3D mapped quantum field theory atomic orbitals of the single electron hydrogen atom YouTube channel Sci Pills
Atomic orbitals animation
0 minutes : atomic orbitals
1 minutes : orbitals with quantum number 2
3 minutes : orbitals with quantum number 3
5 minutes : higher orbitals
For reference, here is a YouTube video (2022) of Arvin Ash discussing particles and quantum fields YouTube channel Arvin Ash
Particles and fields
0 minutes : history of modern physics
1 minutes : advent of quantum mechanics
5 minutes : problems with quantum mechanics
7 minutes : quantum field theory
9 minutes : QFT explains forces
11 minutes : QFT is incomplete
For reference, here is a YouTube video (2021) of Arvin Ash discussing how quantum mechanics predicts the structure of atoms YouTube channel Arvin Ash
Quantum mechanics and atoms
0 minutes : quantum mechanics and atom structure
1 minutes : it's all about electron shells
2 minutes : Schrodinger equation predicts elements
3 minutes : shell numbers are special
6 minutes : solving the wave function
8 minutes : visualizing an atom's wave function
9 minutes : shells correspond to the periodic table
12 minutes : orbitals and shells
For reference, here is a YouTube video (2025) of Gerard ’t Hooft discussing if the universe could be like a cosmic pinball machine YouTube channel Curt Jaimungal
Every ball following a fixed path, no randomness, no mystery, quantum mechanics invented to cope with our ignorance
The Nobel Laureate who asks - could quantum theory be wrong
0 minutes : why quantum mechanics is fundamentally wrong
5 minutes : the frustrating blind spots of modern physicists
17 minutes : the 'true' equations of the universe will have no superposition
39 minutes : can this radical theory even be falsified
46 minutes : how superdeterminism defeats Bell's Theorem
58 minutes : 't Hooft's radical view on quantum gravity
A Physics Model The Simple Model The Simple Universe
An Example Of A Solution Found By A Random Process Rationale
When a random process is used to find a solution to a problem
The random process will naturally discover the simpler solutions, more frequently than the complex solutions
That is the principle of a solution found by a random process
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule that carries the genetic information of things living here on earth
A DNA molecule is formed using the building blocks cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine
All living things on earth are defined, by placing those four building blocks into ever longer and varied sequences into a DNA molecule
Evolution occurs because of random changes in the DNA molecules passed on from parent to offspring
Evolution produces simple solutions because of the principle of a solution found by a random process
For example, animals are able to assess what is around them, and a part of that requires objects to be seen distinctly
Evolution has achieved this for some animals by giving their eyes imperceptible small to and fro movements, causing the edges of an object's image on the eye's retina to oscillate in intensity
This allows edges in a scene to automatically stand out from the overall visual signals being sent to the animal's brain
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A Physics Model The Simple Model The Simple Universe
An Example Of A Simple Universe Rationale
A universe might be simple
If it has components with few qualities
And those few qualities are simple
The following is an example of a simple universe
Space is three dimensional
Which as a suggestion, the space has an outer edge that continuously moves away from a central position
Continuously increasing the amount of the three dimensional space
One type of elementary particle
Which as a suggestion, is created steadily over time at the expanding edge of the universe
The elementary particle has a shape, which as a suggestion, is strand shaped, and the head and tail of the strand shaped elementary particle move continuously at constant speeds against a static universal reference frame in the three dimensional space
One type of elementary force carrier particle
Which as a suggestion, is created steadily over time by the strand shaped elementary particle
The constant speed of the head of the strand shaped elementary particle, which as a suggestion, is greater than the constant speed of its tail, causes the strand shaped particle to continuously extend itself
Eventually the head of the strand shaped particle breaks free, and the new head of the strand shaped particle repeats the process
The part of the head that breaks free becomes a force carrier particle, which is also in the shape of a strand
Which as a suggestion, is that the strand shaped particles tend to stick to each other when their surfaces touch
And while in contact, they influence each other's direction of travel
When a force carrier strand shaped particle catches up with a strand shaped elementary particle and passes it by, their touching surfaces are moving at different speeds
As a suggestion, this causes the touching side of the strand shaped elementary particle to stretch out, and the touching side of the force carrier strand shaped particle to compress up
And the two strand shaped particles curve around into an arc together
When a force carrier strand shaped particle meets a strand shaped elementary particle head-on and passses it by, their touching surfaces are moving in opposite directions
As a suggestion, this causes the touching sides of both strand shaped particles to compress up
And the two strand shaped particles twist around each other before passing on by
The following animations show how a single elementary interaction of touch at a surface can create different forces
How the interaction of touch can bind strand shaped particles into a base particle
How the interaction of touch can bind torus shaped base particles together
How the interaction of touch can bind base particles into a subatomic particle
How the interaction of touch can bind torus shaped subatomic particles into an atomic nucleus - and not shown - how force carrier particles escaping from a large atomic nucleus, can split the large atomic nucleus apart
How the interaction of touch can move a torus shaped subatomic particle towards another torus shaped subatomic particle, or move a torus shaped subatomic particle away from another torus shaped subatomic particle, when touched by a force carrier particle
How the interaction of touch can move a torus shaped subatomic particle towards another torus shaped subatomic particle, with a small attractive force, when touched by a force carrier particle
The following animation shows a simple sequence of the strand shaped elementary particle, tagged one behind the other, building the model's four base particles - the neutrino, electron, positron, 'neutral' particle; the button steps through the process, the button start / stops the animation (any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
Building The Four Base Particles
The following animation shows how the torus shaped particles pack together side-by-side, and how the torus shaped particles stack in layers, the button steps through the packing examples, the button start / stops the animation (any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
Packing The Matter Particles
The following animation shows the shapes and structures of the model's subatomic particles, the button steps through the particles, the button start / stops the animation (any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
The Subatomic Particles
The following is an interactive animation, that lets you build the model's atomic nuclei, from hydrogen nuclei to iron nuclei, with the decay sequences for the unstable nuclei, the button steps through prepared atomic nuclei configurations, the Preload List input box lists the prepared atomic nuclei configurations for direct selection, the button start / stops the animation (any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
Atomic Nuclei Builder
The following animation shows the model's electron, positron, 'neutral' particle, neutrino and particle of light interacting with the short and long electric field particles, the button lists the interactions for direct selection, the button steps through the interactions, the button start / stops the animation (any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
Electric Fields
The following animation shows how left-handed and right-handed helix structures, have a slightly better contact, than the contact of left-handed and left-handed helix structures, and the contact of right-handed and right-handed helix structures, the button shows the small difference between the interactions, when the helix structures are tightly wound, the button start / stops the animation (any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
Gravity
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A Physics Model The Simple Model The Simple Universe
An Example Of A Complex Universe Rationale
A universe might be complex
If it has components that have many qualities
And those many qualities are complex
The following is an example of a complex universe
Space is three dimensional
Without a center nor an outer edge to the space
For example, the three dimensional space is curved into a fourth dimension
The space continuously expands into the fourth dimension
The particles inside the universe do not have access to the fourth dimension
Seventeen types of elementary particles
Structured as excitations of seventeen types of quantum fields that are present thoughout space
And the excitations were around 1080 or more in number when created at the beginning of the universe
The elementary particles occupy space
According to a quantum mechanical probability amplitude
And an uncertainty principle
Some of the elementary particles obey an exclusion principle
The elementary particles move
Without reference to a static universal reference frame
Some of the elementary particles
Have a quality, electric charge
That comes in an amount of either +1/3, +2/3, +1, -1/3, -2/3, or -1 electric charge
Some of the elementary particles
Have a quality, colour charge
That comes in an amount of either one red, one green, one blue, one antired, one antigreen, or one antiblue amount of colour charge
Thirteen types of elementary force carrier particles
The gauge bosons
Which mediate interactions between the elementary particles
Four fundamental interactions
For reference, here is a YouTube video (2021) of Arvin Ash discussing the Standard Model of particle physics YouTube channel Arvin Ash
The Standard Model: a theory of (almost) everything explained
0 minutes : the Standard Model of particle physics explained
4 minutes : what is a Lagrangian
5 minutes : how forces interact
7 minutes : how matter interacts with forces
9 minutes : Higgs boson interactions
11 minutes : Higgs matter interactions
13 minutes : summary
For reference, here is a YouTube video (2020) of Arvin Ash discussing the four fundamental forces in the Standard Model of particle physics YouTube channel Arvin Ash
Why and how do the four fundamental forces of nature work
0 minutes : how does a force between particles work
3 minutes : virtual particles
5 minutes : a simplified analogy of attractive and repulsive forces
7 minutes : the mass of a virtual particle
11 minutes : the strong nuclear force
13 minutes : the weak nuclear force
14 minutes : unification of the four fundamental forces
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A Physics Model The Simple Model The Simple Universe
Why Everything May Be Able To Be Modelled Rationale
Our world consists of atoms
If the atom is modelled on the basis of quantum field theory, then the atoms beyond hydrogen, have so far, required approximated results
If the atom is modelled on the basis of ordinary particles, then the calculations may be able to be completed, regardless as to which atomic element is being modelled
This means that the model of the atom
May also be able to model any molecule, and then any substance, and so on, to everything
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A Physics Model The Simple Model The Simple Universe
To Understand The Hydrogen Atom - Is To Understand All Of Physics Rationale
If we were to understand the hydrogen atom completely
Then we would understand the electron and the proton
For they are what a hydrogen atom is
And that would mean
That we would understand electric charge, electric fields and mass
For these things are what an electron and proton are
And by understanding the electron and the proton
Then we would understand light
For light is emitted when electrons and protons come together to form hydrogen
And it would also mean
That we would understand the neutron and all the nuclei
For they are formed from the electron and the proton
And finally, if we were to understand the hydrogen atom completely
Then we would understand gravity
For hydrogen atoms are attracted to each other
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